Calculating-machine.



A. MONAGHIMOFF. GALUULATING MACHINE.A APPLICATION FILED Nov.19, 1907.

- IIIIH Iqvsryan ii; .UM

Patented Aug. 3, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Aug.' 3, 1909.

A. MONAGHIMOFF.

CALGULATING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION HLED nov. i9, 1901.

ANDREW. a. Grimm Pmuwocnmuans.- WASHINGTON` D. i;

UNITED STATES PATENT error...

CALCULATING-MACHINE To all whom it may concern:

Ee it known that I, ALEXANDER MoN AoHruoFF, a subj eet of the German Emperor,

A further novelty of the machine consists in the arrangement of .its single parts, so as to insure, nearly as possible, an exact manipulation ot the saine, while unintentional shifting ol said parts and a consequent occurrence ol errors are ellectively avoided.

In the accompanying drawings the invention is illustrated, Figure l representing a side view of the machine, in section, Fig. 2 a plan of the same, and Figs. 3 and 4 a side view and a plan respectively el" two of the main parts el the machine, namely: a nu meral slide with operating lever.

rlhe machine comprises three separate sections, I, II and III, of which, in the example shown, I serves for calculating the sum total ol the additions, II for calculating the sum total of the subtractions, and III for calculating the third or end result, i. c., the dil'l'erence between said sums. All the three sections are inclosed in a covered casing l which is open at the bottom and provided with partitions L and 3 to separate the single sections from each other. Into each of these sections I, Il, III, ten longitudinal rows, each containing ton superpesed numeral slides Ll, are placed side by side. Two ol these rows serve to calculate the units and tens of cents, and the remaining eight rows lor calculating the units, tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions, and ten millions of dollars, so that, with the machine shown, sums up to 100 millions et dollars can be calculated. The capacity may ol" course be increased by adding several more longitudinal rows to the machine.

In section I, ten superposed numeral slides el. ol: each longitudinal row are so arranged that, in their initial position, resting with their ends in an opening in the front Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led November 19, 1907.

' Patented Aug. 3, 1909.

Serial No. l32,888.

wall of the casing 1, said ends flush with the outer surface of the wall, while each or" said slides l can, by means of a lever 5, be moved forward so far that the respective numeral becomes visible. The numerals are disposed on the front ends ol the slides in such a manner that the lowermost slide carries the numeral l, the lowest but one 2, the lowest but we 3, and so on, so that the uppermost slide carries thc numeral 10.

lrojeeting through the opening 6, underneath the slides l, a lined plate 7 is arranged. The projecting end of said plate is marked with the numeral 0 and flushes with the ends of the slides 4 when in their operated position.

The slides arranged in section II are carried through section I, underneath the slides arranged in this section, and project tln'ough other openings G in the casing, to the saine extent as the plates 7 with which they flush when in their initial position. By means ol` a lever 5 each ol these slides can also be extended and its numeral displayed.. The numerals on these slides are arranged in exactly the same manner as in section I, and also here 'lixed zero plates 8 project underneath the slides, through the saine openings in the iront-wall el' the casing, and tlush with said slides when in their operated position.

In section III the arrangement oll the ten superposed numeral slides l is the same as in sections I and II through which said slides are carried, underneath the slides ol sections II. The slides ol section III also project through openings 6 in the l'ront wall of the casing but extend so much l'arther as to .flush with the plate S when in their initial position. rlhese slides are also supported by lined Zero plates l) which project with the slides through the walls ol' the casing and [lush with said slides when the latter are in. their operated position.

As the section I is used lor calculating the sum total ol the additions, said sum will appear on the uppermost step, that is, above the zero plates 7, while the sum total ol' the subtractions, being arri ved at by means ol' section Il, will be shown on the middle step, that is, above the Zero plates 8, and the end result, being calculated on section III, will present itsel'l on the loweriniist step, that is, above the zero plate 9.

The operating levers 5 are located inside the casing l out ol" which they project only with their uppermost ends, sliding in longitudinal slots 10. All the levers of each section are arranged in the same plane, and each lever carries the same numeral as the corre- Y'spending slide (see Fig. 4). When pressing a lever forward. its number will appear on the respective front step of the register. In each section the foremost set of levers carries the numeral 1, the next 2 and so on, up to the rearmost set which thus carries the numeral 10. The operating levers 5 are all attached to the rear ends of their numeral slides 4, so that the numeral slides of each longitudinal row are of different lengths. The slide 10, which is actuated by the rearmost lever, is consequently the longest, and the slide 1, which is actuated by the foremost lever, the shortest. The levers are pivoted with their lower ends on bolts 11 and provided with slots 12 with which they engage w'th pins 13 fixed to the numeral slides 4. To give the pins 13 free play and prevent them from interfering with the slides next above, the ends of the slides are bent downward as shown in Fig. 3. The levers 5 of one longitudinal row are placed exactly parallel to each other and provided with projections 14 with which they ear against the next levers in front of them. When therefore a lever is pressed forward, all the levers in the saine row in front of it, follow the movement automatically, whereas said levers can all be returned to their initial position by pressing the frontlever backward. To insure a uniform movement of the slides 4, the connection line 15 of the pins 13, must be exactly parallel to the connection line 15 of the bolts 11 (see Fig. 1, section I).

Each longitudinal row is marked with a letter corresponding to its denomination. Thus, the first row is marked uc, which means units of cents the second one te, to indicate tens of cents and the .remainder U, T, Il, TH, TT, HT, M, and TM, in order to indicate units, tens, hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousaruls,

K millions, and ten millions of dollars.

To explain the manipulation of the machine, an example may serve: On section I, for instance, 6788 dollars and 4321 dollars are to be added. Before starting the manipulation, it must be strictly ascertained that all the levers are in their unoperated position. Then the lever 6 in the sixth row, i, e., the TIT-row, is pressed forward, whereby all the levers in the same row in front of it participate in the movement, and the numeral 6 appears in the upper step of the register. In the same manner the numeral 7 is displayed on the fifth, i. e. the Ill-row, the numeral 8 on the fourth, i. c., the T-row; and again the numeral 8 on the third, i. e. the U-row. To add thereto 4321, instead of moving in the Tlf-row another four levers forward, the foremost lever (1) of the TT- row is actuated and the difference made up yby moving back six levers of the TIT-row,

which is done by pressing on the foremost of said levers only. Then, in the same manner, instead of three further levers in the II-row, the foremost lever in the TIfI-row is actuated, and the difference made up by moving back the seven levers in the I-I-row. Further, instead of advancing two more levers in the T- row, the foremost lever in the H-row is actuated and the difference made up by moving back eight levers in the T-row, and finally one more lever is advanced in the U-row.

,The result of this calculation is 11109 which is displayed on the uppermost step in front of the machine. It is thus to be observed that when more levers than those left in the row are wanted for an addition, one lever of the next higher denomination is moved forward and the difference made up by moving back in the first-mentioned row the number of levers by which the figure to be added differs from 10. Theitems to be subtracted are first totalized on section II, the result therefore appearing on the middle-step of the register. Having thus obtained on section I the sum total of the additions, which appears on the upper step of the register, and on section II the sum total of the subtractions, which appears on the middle-step, the difference between these sums is calculated on section III. Il', for instance, the sum total of the additions amounts to 687654 dollars, and the sum total of the subtractions, to 54221() dollars, then six .levers (sc-e Fig. 1, section III, at 5) are advanced in the HT- row, eight in the T'row, seven in the Tilrow, six in the Il-row, Ylive in the T-row an d four in the U-row, whereupon the subtraction is effected by moving back of the advanced levers, five in the IIT-row (thus leaving one), four in the TT-row, three in the TIT-row, two in the Irl-row and one in the T- row, `llie four operated .levers of the U-row remaining in their position, so that, as the end result, the number 144444 appears on the lowermost step of the register.v Y

The numeral slides 4 are preferably made of very thin plate steel, as, on the one hand, they must be made quite straight and, on the other hand, they must not, when super-posed,

talie up too much room.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A calculating machine, lcomprising in combination, a casing divided into three separate sections, independent systems of superposed numeral slides arranged in each section and all carried m rows to the front of said casing, an operating lever connected' combination, a easing divided into three separate sections, independent systems of numeral slides carried from each section to the front of the casing and operating levers connected to said slides, the arrangement of said slides in rows containing ten superposed slides numbered upward, one row for each denomination, each section of rows projecting step-wise underneath the other through the front wall of the casing and a 'fixed Zero plate arranged underneath each row, the ends oin said plates 'llushing with the respective slides when in their operated position, substantially as set forth.

3. A calculating machine, comprising in combination7 a casing divided into three separate sections7 independent systems of numeral slides carried from each section to the front ol the casing7 operating levers actuating said slides, bolts on which said levers are pivoted, slots 'on said pivots adapted to engage with pins on said slides, double bends on the ends of said slides to prevent the pins from interfering with the slide next above, the arrangement of the connection lines of said pins in exact parallel with the fulcrums of the respective evers and projections on said levers bearing against the lever in front of each particular lever and adapted to keep said levers in parallel with regard to each other to make the levers in front of the operated lever follow its movement and to make said levers return from operated to unoperated position by pressing the front lever backward, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALEXANDER MONACHIMOFF.

Witnesses:

WILHELM FLAsoHE, CLnMnNs HEGKMANN. 

